New York City is the business, financial, insurance, entertainment and publishing capital of the country. The nation's largest city, it is teeming, busy and always rushing. It is the city that most foreigners have in mind when they think of America. Although populated by about 23,320 people per square mile, more than 17 percent of the total land area of New York City is devoted to parks and playgrounds. Museums, art galleries and theaters and millions of people as well as two wildlife refuges and a bird sanctuary coexist in this 314-square-mile city.
The first explorers of the area were Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524 and Estevan Gomez a year later. In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed up the Hudson River as far as Albany. Adriaen Block erected four trading houses in 1613, which prompted permanent settlement. Governor Peter Minuit is said to have bought Manhattan Island in 1626 from the Indians for $24 worth of beads and trinkets.
The first church was built in 1633, followed by the establishment of Fort Amsterdam. By 1653, the population of New Amsterdam was 800. Great Britain had previously claimed the Hudson River country, and in 1664, the Duke of York sent a fleet to seize it from the Dutch. The colony became an English possession without bloodshed and was renamed New York. The city was chartered April 27, 1686.
After the Battle of Long Island in 1776, when Sir William Howe's British forces defeated the Colonial forces of Gen. George Washington, the city again passed into English hands and remained in their control until 1783. Congress met in New York City 1785-90 and it was in New York City that the first president of the United States, George Washington was inaugurated.
New York has become a city of many industries. Its harbor is one of the finest in the world. Dominating the harbor is the Statue of Liberty, one of the most famous landmarks in the world. The port of New York is also the busiest in the world. New York is a giant railroad center and industrial city. As a commercial center it leads the world in value of goods produced.
New York is composed of five boroughs--The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Richmond (Staten Island). The Bronx was annexed to New York City partly in 1874 and partly in 1895 and is the only borough attached to the mainland. Brooklyn was isolated from the city until the Brooklyn Bridge was completed in 1883. The Act of Consolidation in 1898 made Brooklyn a borough of New York.
Manhattan is the oldest and smallest of the five boroughs. Queens was organized as a county in 1683. Its western section, including Flushing, became a part of the city in 1898, and its eastern section was set apart as Nassau County. Richmond (Staten Island) was originally called Staaten Eyland, in honor of the States General, the governing body of the Netherlands.
In New York , bridges and tunnels are monuments to a growing city and are themselves attractions. They include the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the second longest single span bridge in the world, and the Holland Tunnel, a marvel of engineering skill at the time of its completion in 1927.
The Brooklyn Battery Tunnel is one of the longest in the world, and the Bayonne Bridge is one of the longest steel arch bridges in the world. The Brooklyn Bridge is undoubtedly the world's best known--and most purchased--bridge. Selling the Brooklyn Bridge to gullible visitors was the biggest and oldest con game going, and is now the butt of many a joke.
New York City remains the largest city in the world, and is known the world over as a major airport hub for travel in and out of the US. It hosts a major National and Internation airport, and customs center.
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