Albany is the state capital. The city's modern governmental complex is situated along the banks of the Hudson River.
French trappers were in the area in the mid-1500s, however it wasn't until 1609 that Dutch fur traders arrived and established a trading center and fort. The first permanent settlement was founded in 1624 by 18 Walloon families, French Protestants who left the Spanish Netherlands seeking religious freedom. The settlement was called Beverwyck until it was transferred to England and renamed in honor of the Duke of York and Albany.
Chartered in 1686, Pieter Schuyler was the first mayor of Albany. By 1750, it had become an important trading center. Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat made the first successful steamboat run from New York to Albany in 1807. The opening of the grand Erie Canal between Buffalo and Albany in 1825 and the city's growth as a major railroad center greatly increased its importance.
Albany's notable citizens have included U.S. presidents Martin Van Buren, Millard Fillmore and Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt, as well as authors Herman Melville and Henry James.
Albany is a cultural center with museums, theaters and historic buildings. Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza, a 98.5-acre, 11-building complex that comprises state government offices and cultural and convention facilities, is in downtown Albany.
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